The Return to England Henry Percy & the War with Wolsey Sir Thomas Wyatt


 
Henry VIII, c. 1536
 

To say that Anne Boleyn returned to England in triumph is no understatement. She was by now a very gifted and vivacious young woman who was to turn many a man's head. (Interestingly, Anne's sister Mary was soon to become Henry VIII's mistress at this time, if she was not already.) It seems that Anne's return to England was mainly intended to settle a family dispute. Anne's father, Sir Thomas, was arguing that the land and titles of the Earl of Ormonde belonged to him, yet a distant relative, Piers Butler, was also claiming these titles for himself. It was thought that a marriage between Anne and Piers Butler might resolve these disputes, and seemed agreeable to everyone, except perhaps the couple themselves. It is not known why the marriage never took place, regardless of the fact that it was proposed on several occasions. Perhaps Cardinal Wolsey, who was an enemy to the Boleyns even before his clash with Anne, put a stop to the marriage becasue it was seen as advantageous to the family, or maybe Anne's stubborn resolve won out, since a life in dreary Ireland would have seemed almost like a banishment compared to her life at the French court.

Instead, Anne went to court to serve yet another queen, Katherine of Aragon. (There is some dispute over the correct spelling of Katherine's name, I choose to use Katherine with a "K" since her royal arms usually use the "K" initial.) Her first recorded mention at court dates at March of 1522, taking part in a masque, or symbolic play. Anne was one of eight ladies representing various qualities of "the perfect mistress of chivalric tradition." In a bit of historical foreshadowing, Anne played the role of Perseverance, while her sister Mary played Kindness. This was a perfect way for Anne to show off her newly acquired skills, and she soon became talked about as one of the most intriguing ladies of the court. Anne also introduced new fashions to the English court, and soon many of the English ladies followed her example. One young man who visited the court frequently was the eligible Henry Percy, heir to the title of Earl of Northumberland.

 


 
Cardinal Wolsey
 

While Percy was at court, it became obvious that he was especially anxious to visit one particular lady at the court; Anne Boleyn. What is equally interesting is that Anne was responding favourably to his advances. Perhaps she was interested more for his title than himself, but it seems that they got along quite well and that Percy's attentions were welcome. There were, in fact, rumours that they were secretly engaged, which will prove important later, since this was seen as good as a marriage and it could have been argued that they were "married", even though both parties vehemently denied this later on. What is certain is that it was thought an inappropriate match by the king and his chief aide, the Cardinal Wolsey. When Percy was told at an audience with the Cardinal, he was told curtly to break off the attachment with "that foolish girl" and to presently marry a woman he had been betrothed to years earlier, a Mary Talbot. Percy begged with the Cardinal to reconsider, and that Anne was a good match for him, but was further berated for his insubordination and his father was sent for to "straighten him out." With pressure from all sides, Percy reluctantly agreed and married Mary Talbot soon afterward. That Anne was both thwarted and insulted by the Cardinal was not taken lightly, and she vowed to seek revenge on Wolsey.

How much the king was involved and why he might have been is not certain, but some think that Henry may have already taken an interest in Anne. This is hard to say, since it was only obvious that he was beginning to court Anne around 1526-27, some four or five years later. Anne's anger and behaviour forced her to be sent back to her girlhood home of Hever Castle away from the court, in disgrace. Anne was reportedly even locked in her room at one point in order to stop her from any form of communication with Percy. It seems too, that Percy never got over his love for Anne Boleyn. His marriage was a disaster, and when he became the next Earl of Northumberland, he proved to be ineffectual. He was forced to participate at Anne's trial in 1536, and collapsed soon after the verdict. He died soon after in 1537, a broken man. Even in the midst of all this trauma, Anne seems to have caught the eye of another significant courtier, the famous 16th century poet, Sir Thomas Wyatt.

 


 
Anne Boleyn - "Unknown Lady", Hans Holbein the younger
 

Here again we are faced with controversy. Ever since this dalliance occurred, people have speculated on the level of intimacy the two cousins had shared. Some go so far as to say that they slept together, though this seems unlikely given Anne's previous track record and her refusal to get involved sexually with the king, another married man, for almost 7 years. What seems more likely is that Wyatt was taken by Anne, and that she refused him. While Anne was staying at Hever, Wyatt was able to visit her often, since the two family estates were in close proximity. Wyatt, however, was married, and although he may have been both dashing and charismatic, he posed no real interest to the ambitious and practical Anne. Anne, must have, however, been flattered by such attention, and Wyatt wrote several poems about her both during and after his pursuit of her. His most famous poem follows, written in about 1532, after it was clear that Anne was Henry's choice of a second wife. It clearly demonstrates his affection for her, as well as his failure in "taming" her. It is also clear that the "Caesar" he describes is none other than King Henry VIII.

 

 

 

"Whoso list to hunt: I know where there is a hind.
But as for me, alas I may no more:
The vain travail hath wearied me so sore,
I am of them that farthest cometh behind.
Yet may I by no means my wearied mind
Draw from the deer, but as she fleeth afore
Fainting I follow. I leave off therefore,
Sithens in a net I seek to hold the wind.
Who list to hunt, I put him out of doubt,
As well as I may spend time in vain,
And graven with diamonds in letters plain
There is written her fair neck round about:
'Noli me tangere, for Caesar's I am,
And wild for to hold, though I seem tame."

However, the poetry was to come to an end, since it became clear that the king was done with his previous mistress, Mary Boleyn, and his attentions were now turning to her younger sister, Anne. In fact there is a legend that Henry and Wyatt were playing a game of lawn bowling, and when a measurement was needed to determine the winner, Wyatt pulled out a trinket he took of Anne's to prove to the king Anne's "affection" for him. The king was not amused, and with such a rival for Anne's affections, Wyatt conceded defeat, and begrudgingly decided to look elsewhere. Anne doesn't seem to be affected by Wyatt's defect, probably since she was preoccupied with a "bigger fish", and an altogether more persistent one, the king himself.

 


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