![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
| The Secret Marriage | The Coronation of Anne Boleyn | The Birth of Elizabeth |
![]() |
|
Henry
VIII, Act I, Scene IV |
While Anne Boleyn was about to have her moment of triumph, she was becoming increasingly unpopular, both at home and abroad. Anne went along to a supper-party in a Thameside house, and was accosted by a mob of mostly women who's intent it was to kill her. It was fortunate that she was able to escape, for they most likely would have done so. Around this time, Henry was preparing to create Anne the Marquess of Pembroke, a title usually given to a man, and would make her the most powerful woman in the land. She would now have an income of over £ 1,000 a year. Now, she was independent of all men, including her father, and a suitable candidate to be Queen of England. Henry decided to take Anne with him to France, as he was meeting King Francis for another attempt at an alliance. However, neither the king's new queen, nor his sister, Marguerite d'Angouleme, wished to meet her. This was a great insult and disappointment to Anne, since she greatly admired her childhood idol, Marguerite. It was decided that Anne would stay in Calais, technically on English soil, and that only Francis would meet her. As stated earlier, Anne gave in to the king and became pregnant.
Now was the time for marriage, even if he was still married to Katherine in the eyes of the world. Anne and Henry's marriage was performed in secret, and it is thought that the ceremony took place on January 25, 1533, another date in Anne's life that we can never know for sure. Also, it is not known who exactly were the witnesses, or the presiding priest. In fact, it was kept a very good secret for at least three months. But the happy couple could not contain themselves for long. There is a legend that states that Anne had remarked to Henry that she had a fierce craving for apples, and that the king stated that it was a sign that she might be pregnant, making both of them laugh at their little joke. Naturally, the witnesses were shocked, and word spread fast that Anne was with child. On May 23, the marriage between Katherine and Henry was declared invalid, and therefore, since Henry was a bachelor all his life, he was free to marry Anne. Anne Boleyn may have been married in secret, but it was very important that her declaration that she was now queen would be heard by all the world.
![]() |
|
Anne
Boleyn's Royal Coat of Arms |
Anne Boleyn was not regarded as the true wife of King Henry, and a magnificent coronation was planned to show all that Anne was indeed the Queen. The fact that she alone of Henry's six wives received an independent coronation, and that she was crowned and anointed as queen, was intended as an especial dignity and honour to her. Many important people refused to attend, including the Duke of Norfolk, Anne's own uncle, and Sir Thomas More, who disapproved of the divorce, yet had nothing personally against Anne. Edward Hall wrote about Anne Boleyn's coronation in this detailed account.
"On Thursday 29 May, Lady Anne, Marquess of Pembroke, was received as queen of England by all the lords of England. And the mayor and aldermen, with all the guilds of the City of London, went to Greenwich in their barges after the best fashion, with also a barge of bachelors of the mayor's guild richly hung with cloth of gold with a great number to wait on her. And so all the lords with the mayor and all the guilds of London brought her by water from Greenwich to the Tower of London, and there the king's grace received her as she landed, and then over a thousand guns were fired at the Tower, and others were fired at Limehouse, and on other ships lying in the Thames.
And on Saturday, the last day of May, she rode from the Tower of London through the City with a goodly company of lords, knights and gentlemen, with all the peers of the realm, richly appareled. She herself rode in a rich chariot covered with cloth of silver, and a rich canopy of cloth of silver borne over her head by the four Lords of the Ports, in gowns of scarlet, followed by four richly hung chariots of ladies; and also several other ladies and gentlewoman riding on horseback, all in gowns made of crimson velvet. And there were various pageant made on scaffolds in the city; and all the guilds were standing in their liveries, every one in order, the mayor and aldermen standing in Cheapside. And when she came before them the Recorder of London made a goodly presentation to her, and then the mayor gave her a purse of cloth of fold with a thousand marks of angel nobles in it, as a present from the whole of the city; and so the lords brought her to the palace of Westminster and left her there that night.
On 1 June Queen Anne was brought from Westminster Hall to St Peter's Abbey in procession, with all the monks of Westminster going in rich copes of gold, with thirteen mitered abbots; and after them all the king's chapel in rich copes with four bishops and two mitered archbishops, and all the lords going in their parliament robes, and the crown borne before her by the duke of Suffolk, and her two sceptres by two earls, and she herself going under a rich canopy of cloth of gold, dressed in a kirtle of crimson velvet decorated with ermine, and a robe of purple velvet decorated with ermine over that, and a rich coronet with a cap of pearls and stones on her head; and the old duchess of Norfolk carrying her train in a robe of scarlet with a coronet of gold on her cap, and Lord Burgh, the queen's Chamberlain, supporting the train in the middle.
After her followed ten ladies in robes of scarlet trimmed with ermine and round coronets of gold on their heads; and next after them all the queen's maids in gowns of scarlet edged with white Baltic fur. And so she was brought to St Peter's church at Westminster, and there set in her high royal seat, which was made on a high platform before the altar. And there she was anointed and crowned queen of England by the archbishop of Canterbury and the archbishop of York, and so sat, crowned, in her royal seat all through the mass, and she offered at the said mass. And when the mass was done they left, every man in his order, to Westminster Hall, she still going under the canopy, crowned, with two sceptres in her hands, my Lord Wiltshire her father, and Lord Talbot leading her, and so dined there; and there was made the most honourable feast that has been seen.
The great hall at Westminster was richly hung with rich cloth of Arras, and a table was set at the upper end of the hall, going up twelve steps, where the queen dined; and a rich cloth of estate hung over her head. There were also four other tables along the hall; and it was railed on every side, from the high dais in Westminster Hall to the platform in the church in the abbey.
And when she went to church to her coronation there was a striped blue cloth spread from the high dais of the king's bench to the high altar of Westminster on which she went.
And when the queen's Grace had washed her hands, then came the duke of Suffolk, high constable for that day and steward of the feast, riding on horseback, richly dressed and decorated, and with him, also riding on horseback, Lord William Howard as deputy for the duke of Norfolk in his office of Marshall of England, and there came the queen's service followed by the archbishop's with a certain space between, which was all borne by knights; the archbishop sitting at the queen's board, at the end on her left hand. The earl of Sussex was sewer, earl of Essex carver, earl of Derby cup bearer, earl of Arundel butler, Viscount Lisle panter, and Lord Grey almoner."
Indeed, this was Anne's moment of triumph. All that awaited the pregnant queen was the successful delivery of a prince.
![]() |
|
Elizabeth
I as Princess |
While Anne was pregnant and now queen, Henry began to see another woman. Unfortunately, her name is unknown, but when Anne found out about it, she flew into a rage. Henry absurdly put the blame on Anne, and told her "to shut her eyes, as her betters had done." At this, the new queen refused to speak to Henry for several days. She still, after all, held a powerful card, she was with child, and Henry was desperate for a son. However, on September 7, 1533, luck was not with them, and a girl, Elizabeth, was born, named after both Anne's mother, Elizabeth Boleyn, and Henry's, Elizabeth of York. Interestingly, Anne seemed more affected by this disappointment than Henry at first, probably because she was aware that her future depended on begetting a prince. Henry even tried to lift her spirits by reminding her that the child was healthy, and that boys may follow. It was still important to Henry that his new children with Anne would be recognized as true heirs to the throne, barring Mary and declaring her illegitimate. In this way, it was Mary, and not Katherine, that Anne needed to be worried about. After all, Mary was older than Elizabeth was and unless Anne bore a son, both her and Elizabeth's future would be very shaky indeed.
Soon after the birth, Anne became very maternal, and even requested that the baby be allowed in her chambers so she could breast-feed her. Henry balked at the suggestion, since it was deemed unfit for a grand lady not to have a wet-nurse. Elizabeth was given her own household at Hatfield, and the now "Lady" Mary was forced to be her half-sister's lady-in-waiting. This indignity was to make Mary extremely bitter towards both Anne and Elizabeth, and the two half-sisters became very wary of each other for the rest of their lives. Anne was now queen, but bigger disappointments were to follow.
![]() |
To Go Back to the Previous Page, Click
here. To Go to the Next Page, Click here. To Enter the Gallery Page, Click here. To contact me, Click here. |
![]() |